Q: Our bunny is fat. He doesn't get much exercise, and he seems very unhappy when we cut down on his kibble. Do you have a suggestion? He is having a hard time getting into his litter box, and that means more cleanup. -- G.O., via e-mail
A: Ditch the pellets, and increase his ability to move.
Diet has a huge impact on the health and well-being of any creature, and the rabbit is no exception. Common health problems in the rabbit directly relate to diet, and those include obesity, gastrointestinal diseases and dental disease.
All pet rabbits need a high level of indigestible fiber, which, along with adequate water, is vital for the normal and healthy functioning of their gastrointestinal system. Rabbits need to have their levels of carbohydrates and protein controlled to avoid obesity and kidney disease.
Properly fed rabbits do not need to have supplements added to their diets. Rabbits produce a good portion of their own vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients through the production and re-eating of special feces called cecotropes.
A basic healthy daily diet for a domestic rabbit should include unlimited grass hay and a minimum of 1 cup of fresh leafy greens for every 2 pounds of body weight. Use as many varieties of greens as possible, and offer other vegetables and fruits as well, in more limited amounts. Rabbits also need an ongoing supply of fresh, clean water.
Pet rabbits do not need commercial food pellets. If used at all, the pellets should be of a high-fiber, low-protein variety given in very small amounts. Pellets should never be the only food for a pet rabbit.
Add toys to his environment, everything from hay-filled boxes for chewing to balls for rolling. If you can, add an exercise space -- a dog's exercise pen or portable toddler yard is ideal -- or give him a bunny-proofed part of a room to play in. A playmate isn't a bad idea either. Shelters and rescue groups have plenty of adult rabbits in desperate need of homes, and you should be able to bond with an adult rabbit with proper introductions.
If you do add an extra bunny, be sure both are neutered. They make better pets when de-sexed, and it prevents the addition of more unwanted rabbits. Don't delay, because rabbits breed like ... well, you know!
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